Hydrostatic pressure beneath your basement floor is no laughing matter; it can lead to grave problems from dampness to water leakage and may go as far as breaking cracks in the foundational structure. Pressure develops through the imprinting of the water on top of the foundation into the soil pushing against the walls and floors of your basement seeking any possible point of entry. Addressing hydrostatic pressure protects not only your basement from flooding but also a safer and healthier environment. Here's how you can address hydrostatic pressure on your basement floor and create a dry, secure home.
What Causes Hydrostatic Pressure on Basement Floors?
Typically, hydrostatic pressure on basement floors results from:
High Water Table Levels: If there is a relatively high water table either reaching or near the foundation level, especially after heavy rainfalls, it exerts pressure in the form of constant pushing against the floor from underneath the slab.
Poor Grading around the Foundation: If there is a problem with grading or an inadequate drainage system surrounding the foundation, water will collect along the walls of the basement and therefore exert pressure to the basement floors.
Clay Soil Composition: Clay contains much more water than sand. When saturated clay expands and intensifies its pressure side against the foundation.
Step 1: Exterior Relief of Hydrostatic Pressure
Hydrostatic pressure is relieved initially by exterior relief, which involves providing measures through which to control your groundwater to prevent its accumulation against the foundation of your house.
Installation of Perimeter French Drain
A perimeter exterior French drain contains the water away from your house. This minimizes how much water collects near your foundation, easing pressure behind your basement walls and flooring.
Enhance Yard Grading
Make sure the soil around your foundation slopes at least 5% away from the home. Then, surface water will not collect next to your basement; hence the pressure due to groundwater is lowered.
Sway Downspouts
Install downspouts that extend to move roof runoff at least 6 to 10 feet away from the foundation. Because downspouts that drain too close to the house allow water to collect against the walls and floors of the basement, water causes an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
Step 2: Installing Interior Drainage Systems
Sometimes, just external systems can't be sufficient, particularly if the water finds its way to your basement. Molded around your basement, an interior French drain:
An interior French drain runs along the inside perimeter of your basement floor. This system actually captures any water that seeps through walls or floors and channels it toward a sump pump to remove from your basement. This is highly effective when dealing with hydrostatic pressure from within.
Install a Sump Pump:
Homes prone to water seepage or houses with high levels of groundwater need sump pumps, since they sit in a sump pit and pump down water, achieving low water levels and reducing pressure below the floor. You may want to add a battery backup pump for uninterrupted usage during outages.
Install Vapor Barrier Under Floor Slab
For new construction or for major remodeling, applying a vapor barrier under the basement floor slab can become a good means of defense against hydrostatic pressure. This waterproof membrane prevents water vapor from rising through the concrete and reduces humidity within the indoor space. It thereby helps protect the basement floor from moisture damage.
Step 3: Sealing Basement Floors and Cracks
The water in the soil under hydrostatic pressure can easily penetrate through a crack or cracks existing on the basement floor. Seepage can be prevented by sealing the cracks and floors, thereby getting them waterproof.
Method 1: Seal Cracks in the Basement Floor
Fill in the cracks at the basement floor using waterproof epoxy or polyurethane sealants. These have the characteristic of expanding while curing, thereby sealing all the crevices in addition to forming an absolutely watertight seal against the penetration of water.
Method 2: Apply Waterproof Floor Coatings
Interior waterproofing coatings, such as epoxy or masonry sealants, provide additional lining on the basement floor as well. Though hydrostatic pressure cannot be eliminated, it prevents water from entering through hairline cracks or pores in the concrete.
Step 4: Maintenance and Long-Term Prevention
Maintenance and periodic inspections will be able to control the hydrostatic pressure. The following are practices that can be done to maintain a dry floor:
Basement floors require regular check-ups with thorough inspections in order to maintain the pressure under control.
Clean gutters and downspouts regularly:
Make sure gutters are clear of debris so water doesn't overflow toward your foundation. Gutters and downspouts should be cleaned regularly, especially in the fall and following big storms, to keep water from your foundation.
Check on drainage systems:
French drains and sump pumps should also be inspected regularly. Clean them and maintain them as you go along so you know they're functioning correctly to get the water well away from your basement.
Monitor for New Cracks or Moisture:
Observe for new cracks, damp spots, or moisture along your basement walls. The appearance of such signs can help you address pressure issues when they're less severe and cause less damage.
Modify Landscaping
The roots of shallow-rooted plants planted near the foundation may occasionally absorb excess water and help reduce some hydrostatic pressure. Avoid placing big, thirsty trees next to the foundation since their roots can pulverize drainage components and foundation walls.
When to Call in a Professional
Most homeowners can handle minor repair and maintenance tasks, but hydrostatic pressure matters sometimes require a professional's assessment to fix. Call a professional if you experience any of the following:
Your water intrusion won't quit or gets worse
Bowing or bowing cracks in your walls on either side of the foundation
Excessive damage from water or mold
Your sump pumps are not working or your other drain systems are malfunctioning
Conclusion
By attacking it from the outside, you can prevent hydrostatic pressure from seepage into your basement floor, will protect it against cracks and keep your basement dry, safe, and clean. In conjunction with exterior solutions, interior drainage, floor sealing, and regular maintenance, relief of hydrostatic pressure from leaks, prevents future issues, and creates a more secure home foundation. All these will help to keep your hydrostatic pressure basement floor dry, keep your home structure sound, and improve your indoor air quality.